An elderly man came to the hospital with the complaint of a pulsatile soft swelling in the left axilla. On examination, it was found that abduction movement of his left arm was restricted and there was sensory loss on the skin over the lower half of the deltoid muscle. There was slight swelling of the left upper limb.
Which large blood vessel in the axilla is likely to give rise to a pulsatile swelling?
The axillary artery is the large blood vessel in the axilla that is likely to give rise to a pulsatile swelling.
Give the extent of this vessel.
The axillary artery extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
Name the muscle that crosses this vessel anteriorly.
The pectoralis minor muscle crosses the axillary artery anteriorly.
Which part/parts of this vessel is/are related to the cords of the brachial plexus?
The second part of the axillary artery is related to the cords of the brachial plexus. The cords are positioned as follows:
Compression of which adjacent blood vessel will cause swelling of the upper limb? Give the formation and termination of this vessel.
Compression of the axillary vein will cause swelling of the upper limb. The axillary vein is formed by the union of the basilic vein and brachial veins at the lower border of the teres major muscle and continues as the subclavian vein at the lateral border of the first rib.
A baby with a history of forceps delivery was brought to the pediatrician after four weeks for a routine check-up. On examination, it was observed that the baby's left arm was medially rotated and adducted, and the left forearm was pronated and extended.
What is the position of the upper limb in the baby called as?
The position of the upper limb in the baby is called Erb's palsy.
Lesion at which site in the brachial plexus causes this position of the upper limb?
A lesion at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, specifically involving the C5 and C6 nerve roots, causes this position of the upper limb.
Paralysis of which muscles results in medial rotation of the arm?
Paralysis of the infraspinatus (innervated by the suprascapular nerve) and teres minor (innervated by the axillary nerve) muscles results in medial rotation of the arm. These muscles are responsible for lateral rotation, and their paralysis leads to unopposed medial rotation by other muscles.
Paralysis of which muscles results in an extended forearm?
Paralysis of the biceps brachii (innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve), brachialis (innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve), and brachioradialis (innervated by the radial nerve) muscles results in an extended forearm. These muscles are responsible for flexing the forearm.
Paralysis of which muscles results in an adducted arm?
Paralysis of the deltoid (innervated by the axillary nerve) and supraspinatus (innervated by the suprascapular nerve) muscles results in an adducted arm. These muscles are responsible for abduction of the arm.
A 35-year-old woman came to the surgeon with the complaint of a hard, painless lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Examination revealed enlarged axillary lymph nodes on the right side and loss of mobility of the affected breast. She was diagnosed with breast cancer.
Name muscles related to the base of the breast.
The muscles related to the base of the breast are: